The Cerrado biome is considered the richest savanna of the planet. It is the second biggest vegetation domain of Brazil, occupying 22% of its territory, and has about 12.000 species of vascular plants. From this, it is estimated about 4.000 species producing fruits attractive to wildlife, distributed in 300 genera. The correct identification of fruit species is important in studies of plant-animal interactions. The aim of this key is to represent the most common fruit species of all genera. This key is also a complement of the first volume of the book “Fruits and Seeds of Cerrado Attractive to Wildlife” (Frutos e Sementes do Cerrado Atrativos para Fauna) and, currently, has about one third of all genera of Cerrado fruits.

Key characters for identification process and each of the species are illustrated by photographs. For each species it is also presents a fact sheet with more information.

Website: http://frutosatrativosdocerrado.bio.br/

Introduction

Key to the white grub adults and larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae, Rutelinae, Melolonthinae) that occur in sugarcane of southern and eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean islands. This Lucid key forms part of the output of EU-ACP Sugar Research Programme (RPR/009/07) EDF IX Project 2.1.USE OF BIOPESTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF SUGARCANE WHITE GRUBS.

Authors

Corinna S. Bazelet¹, Mike Way², Pia Addison¹, Des Conlong^1,2, Seelavarn Ganeshan^3
1 IPM Initiative, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
² South African Sugarcane Research Institute, South Africa
³ Mauritius Sugarcane Industry Research Institute, Mauritius

This key allows identification of all species of the southern rush family (Restionaceae) in Western Australia

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to many friends and colleagues working at the WA Herbarium for supplying diverse data, images, maps, ideas, and taxonomic and computing expertise that have made the development of this data set possible. In particular we wish to thank Rob Davis for photos and taxonomic help, Mike Hislop, Steve Dillon, and Margaret Langley for their help with taxonomic queries. Barbara Briggs at the New South Wales National Herbarium helped enormously with information and expertise about Restionaceae. We note that the photographic species images available here come from the WA Herbarium’s online plant information system, FloraBase, and represent the work of a team of dedicated volunteers. The maps, also part of FloraBase, represent specimens held at the WA Herbarium.

This key allows identification of all species of the hibiscus family (Malvaceae) in Western Australia

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to many friends and colleagues working at the WA Herbarium for supplying diverse data, images, maps, ideas, and taxonomic and computing expertise that have made the development of this data set possible. In particular we wish to thank Rob Davis for photos and taxonomic help, Mike Hislop, Steve Dillon, and Margaret Langley for their help with taxonomic queries. We note that the photographic species images available here come from the WA Herbarium’s online plant information system, FloraBase, and represent the work of a team of dedicated volunteers. The maps, also part of FloraBase, represent specimens held at the WA Herbarium.

Introduction

This key is an interactive tool to help identify the troglobitic invertebrates species that occurs in Brazil. The key comprises 78 species, forming a matrix of 231 morphological characters and more than 200 images to support identification.

Introduction

This key is an identification tool for weeds that are introduced in Europe as they are imported as weeds in bonsai or other potplants. As many potplants are produced in Asia and South America, many common weeds in those regions are included. The species treated in this key do not necessarily have invasive treats and some will not survive a European winter.

A total of 136 species is included. All features are illustrated with botanical drawings so that no knowledge of botanical terms is needed, basic knowledge of plant morphology, however, is helpful. Distinguishing characters have been added for certain groups of closely related species. The keys link to complete species descriptions on the Q-bank – Plants website. All species are well illustrated by photographs showing distinguishing characteristics or invaded sites. The key is regularly updated with new species and new photographs. This key is also available in French and Dutch.

EPPO-Q-bank

EPPO-Q-bank covers the following organism groups that contain quarantine organisms:

• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Invasive Plants
• Nematodes
• Arthropods
• Phytoplasma’s
• Viruses and viroids

The databases are managed by EPPO – the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and curated by internationally known specialists and contain specimen-based information including molecular data. The website offers the possibility to blast, in single- or multi-locus mode, sequences for identification.

Introduction

This key helps to identify the major invasive terrestrial plants in NW Europe. Invasive are those species that pose a threat to the biodiversity of the ecoregion. Species included are both those that already are known to be invasive in this region, as well as species known to be invasive elsewhere in comparable climatic regions. Moreover, look-alikes are included to distinguish closely related taxa. A total of 140 species is included. All features are illustrated with botanical drawings so that no knowledge of botanical terms is needed, basic knowledge of plant morphology, however, is helpful. The keys link to complete species descriptions on the Q-bank – Plants website. All species are well illustrated by photographs showing distinguishing characteristics or invaded sites. The key is regularly updated with new species and new photographs. Species that are imported in Europe as weeds in potplants are treated in a separate key. This key is also available in French and Dutch.

EPPO-Q-bank

EPPO-Q-bank covers the following organism groups that contain quarantine organisms:

• Fungi
• Bacteria
• Invasive Plants
• Nematodes
• Arthropods
• Phytoplasma’s
• Viruses and viroids

The databases are managed by EPPO – the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization and curated by internationally known specialists and contain specimen-based information including molecular data. The website offers the possibility to blast, in single- or multi-locus mode, sequences for identification.

Introduction

In this website, we provided a key of the world genera of eulophids recorded on agromyzid leafminers. We used 25 characters and recognized 29 genera, divided in the subfamilies as follows: 6 genera within Tetrastichinae, 10 within Entedoninae, and 13 among Eulophinae (7 Cirrospilini and 6 Eulophini). For each genus, notes are given for diagnosis, classification, distribution, and biology. Taxonomic comments and numerous pictures have been also provided in order to facilitate their recognition. We however considered separately two taxa within Cirrospilus Westwood: the species C. ambiguus Hansson & La Salle and the “variegatus group” of species. Both taxa have in fact unique features within Cirrospilus, and warrant further investigation as to their exact generic limits. We were unable to include two other genera belonging to the subfamily Eulophinae and recorded as agromyzid parasitoids (Noyes, 2001): Ginsiella Erdös and Guptaiella Khan & Sushil (see comments under these genera). Finally, some notes, supported by pictures, about the family Eulophidae and its subfamilies are given. Notes on Elasmini are also provided, as there are some Lepidoptera leafminers parasitoids within this tribe. We haven’t considered the tribes Gyrolasomini and Euderomphalini and the unplaced tribes Platytrecampini, Anselmellini and Ophemilini, as none of these have ever been recorded as parasitoids of leafminers.

This revised version of Hoddle et al. (2012) has been produced partly to overcome technical problems arising from Java software and partly to incorporate new information and images, together with some additional potentially invasive species.

Information pages are provided to 300 species in 108 genera, with the identification system discriminating 249 species. Of these species, 40 are as yet unrecorded in California but are potential invaders, whether interstate or from overseas.

They have been included for the convenience of quarantine services in USA. In contrast, the Thysanoptera fauna of the American continent north of Mexico has been estimated to comprise 700 described thrips species (Arnett, 1985), with 147 species recorded from Canada (Foottit & Maw, 2019). This identification system is based essentially on adult females, these being the most commonly collected individuals.

For larval thrips, the only modern identification system is to part of the Thripidae fauna of Europe (Vierbergen et al., 2010).

Timber Answers provides technical information about wood properties, and uses of over 1 000 species of Australian and imported timbers, including those commonly grown in plantations.

The interactive selection tool allows species to be filtered and sorted according to a number of common properties.

Timber Answers provides technical data to help builders, designers and engineers choose which timber to use. It enables growers and processors optimise use of the timber resource.