Top

Scientific Name
Synonyms
Family
Common Names
Origin
Cultivation
Naturalised Distribution
Habitat
Habit
Distinguishing Features
Stems and Leaves
Flowers and Fruit
Reproduction and Dispersal
Environmental Impact
Legislation
Management
Similar Species
Print Fact Sheet
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ

Click on images to enlarge

infestation (Photo: Jackie Miles and Max Campbell)

habit prior to flowering (Photo: Kerinne Harvey)

habit in flower (Photo: Jackie Miles and Max Campbell)

long and narrow leaves (Photo: Kerinne Harvey)

flowers (Photo: Jackie Miles and Max Campbell)

mature fruit (Photo: Jackie Miles and Max Campbell)

November lily (Lilium longiflorum) with shorter and broader leaves, and without a purplish tinge on its flowers (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

Lilium formosanum

Scientific Name

Lilium formosanum Wallace

Synonyms

Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. formosanum Baker
Lilium philippinense Baker var. formosanum (Wallace) E.H. Wilson
Lilium yoshidai Leichtlin

Family

Liliaceae

Common Names

Formosa lily, Formosan lily, lily, St Joseph's lily, Taiwan lily, tiger lily, trumpet lily

Origin

Native to Taiwan.

Cultivation

Widely cultivated as a garden ornamental, particularly in the temperate regions of Australia.

Naturalised Distribution

Widely naturalised in eastern Australia (i.e. in south-eastern Queensland, in the coastal and sub-coastal districts of eastern New South Wales and in southern Victoria). Also naturalised on Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

Habitat

A weed of wetter sub-tropical and temperate regions. This escaped garden plant grows along roadsides and in bushland, grasslands, disturbed sites and waste areas.

Habit

An upright (i.e. erect) herbaceous plant with long-lived (i.e. perennial) underground bulbs producing short-lived (i.e. annual) shoots usually growing 1-1.5 m tall, but occasionally reaching up to 2 m in height.

Distinguishing Features

Stems and Leaves

The upright (i.e. erect) stems are unbranched and mostly hairless (i.e. glabrous). They are mostly dark green in colour, but are often somewhat purplish-brown towards the base.

The alternately arranged leaves are stalkless (i.e. sessile) and widely spaced along the stems. These leaves (7.5-20 cm long and 5-10 mm wide) are elongated (i.e. lanceolate) or linear in shape and generally become smaller towards the top of the stems. They are hairless (i.e. glabrous) with entire margins and pointed tips (i.e. acute apices).

Flowers and Fruit

The large flowers are arranged in clusters of one to ten at the top of the stems and are borne on stalks (i.e. pedicels) 5-15 cm long. These showy flowers (12-20 cm long) are funnel-shaped (i.e. tubular) and mostly white in colour, but their outsides are usually flushed with a little mauve or reddish-purple. They have six 'petals' (i.e. perianth segments) and six large stamens (about 10 cm long) topped with yellow or purplish anthers (8-10 mm long). They also have a large ovary (3-3.5 cm long) and a long style (7-8 cm long) topped with a three-lobed stigma that is whitish to greenish in colour. Flowering occurs during summer and autumn (i.e. from January to April).

The large capsules (5-9 cm long and 1-2 cm wide) are cylindrical in shape and contain numerous winged seeds.

Reproduction and Dispersal

This species reproduces by seed and also vegetatively by bulbs. The winged seeds are dispersed by wind and water, and the seeds and bulbs may be spread in dumped garden waste.

Environmental Impact

Formosan lily (Lilium formosanum) is regarded as a major environmental weed on Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, and as an environmental weed in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

Legislation

This species is declared under legislation in the following states and territories:

Management

For information on the management of this species see the following resources:

Similar Species

Formosan lily (Lilium formosanum) is a very distinctive plant and is rarely confused with other naturalised species. However, it is very similar to the commonly cultivated garden plant known as November lily (Lilium longiflorum). These two species can be distinguished by the following differences: