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Scientific Name
Synonyms
Family
Common Names
Origin
Cultivation
Naturalised Distribution
Habitat
Habit
Distinguishing Features
Stems and Leaves
Flowers and Fruit
Reproduction and Dispersal
Environmental Impact
Legislation
Management
Similar Species
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Click on images to enlarge

infestation (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

infestation (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

habit in flower (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

habit in fruit (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

older woody stems and leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

creeping stems (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

younger stem showing rooting at the joints (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

close-up of stem and paired leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

flower clusters (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

close-up of flowers (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

clusters of immature fruit (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

Phyla canescens

Scientific Name

Phyla canescens (Kunth) Greene

Synonyms

Lippia canescens Kunth
Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. (misapplied)
Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. forma canescens (Kunth) Kuntze
Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. repens (Bertol.) Schauer (misapplied)
Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. rosea (D.Don) J.F. Macbr.
Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. var. sarmentosa (Willd.) Schauer (misapplied)
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (misapplied)
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. canescens (Kunth) Moldenke
Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene var. rosea (D. Don) Moldenke
Zapania canescens (Kunth) Gilbert
Zapania nodiflora (L.) Lam. var. rosea D. Don

Family

Verbenaceae

Common Names

carpet weed, Condamine couch, Condamine curse, fog fruit, fog-fruit, fogfruit, frog fruit, hairy fogfruit, lippia, mat grass, no-mow grass

Origin

Native to South America (i.e. Bolivia, southern Ecuador, western Peru, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay).

Cultivation

This species has been cultivated as a garden ornamental and as a low-maintenance lawn, particularly in the inland regions of Australia. It has also been used to stabilise soil and prevent erosion on banks of irrigation canals and around weirs.

Naturalised Distribution

Widely naturalised in south-eastern and eastern Australia (i.e. in southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and south-eastern South Australia). Also occasionally naturalised in other parts of Queensland and in the inland regions of south-western and southern Western Australia.

Habitat

Predominantly a weed of pastures, grasslands, waterways and roadsides in semi-arid, sub-tropical and warmer temperate environments, but also grown in lawns and gardens.

Habit

A long-lived (i.e. perennial), creeping (i.e. prostrate) herbaceous plant with stems up to 1 m in length that form a dense mat over the ground surface.

Distinguishing Features

Stems and Leaves

The much-branched creeping (i.e. prostrate) stems readily produce roots (i.e. adventitious roots) at their joints (i.e. nodes). Young stems (2-3 mm thick) may appear hairless (i.e. glabrous) but are usually covered in tiny close-lying (i.e. appressed) hairs. They are either green in colour or have a reddish or brownish tinge. Older stems turn greyish in colour and can become somewhat woody with age.

The leaves are borne in pairs along the stems and have bluntly toothed (i.e. crenate), or rarely entire, margins. These leaves are somewhat fleshy (i.e. semi-succulent) and are borne on short stalks (i.e. petioles) 1-8 mm long. They are relatively small (10-70 mm long and 4-25 mm wide), greyish-green in colour and either hairless (i.e. glabrous) or covered in minute close-lying (i.e. appressed) hairs.

Flowers and Fruit

The flowers are borne in small, dense, rounded clusters (5-10 mm across) that elongate slightly with age (10-25 mm long). These flower clusters are borne on stalks (i.e. peduncles) 1-11 cm long emanating from the leaf forks (i.e. axils). Individual flowers are tubular in shape (2-2.5 mm across) with five inconspicuous lobes and are whitish, pinkish, lilac or purplish in colour, with yellowish centres. The inner flower buds are darker in colour than the open flowers. Flowering occurs throughout most of the year, and is particularly apparent when soil moisture is most favourable.

The small, dry, fruit (about 2 mm long and 1-1.5 mm across) are enclosed in the old flower parts (i.e. calyx). They split into two brown one-seeded segments (i.e. pyrenes or mericarps) when mature.

Reproduction and Dispersal

This species reproduces vegetatively via stem fragments as well as by seed.

Stem fragments and seeds are spread during floods and by other soil disturbances. Dispersal of this species has also been aided by its use as a low-maintenance lawn in some areas.

Environmental Impact

Lippia (Phyla canescens) is regarded as a serious environmental weed in New South Wales and Queensland. It was also recently listed as a priority environmental weed in six Natural Resource Management regions.

Legislation

This species is declared under legislation in the following states and territories:

Management

For information on the management of this species see the following resources:

Similar Species

Lippia (Phyla canescens) is very similar to carpet weed (Phyla nodiflora). These two species are very difficult to distinguish, except by the different habitats they are usually found in: