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Scientific Name
Synonyms
Family
Common Names
Origin
Cultivation
Naturalised Distribution
Habitat
Habit
Distinguishing Features
Stems and Leaves
Flowers and Fruit
Reproduction and Dispersal
Environmental Impact
Legislation
Similar Species
Print Fact Sheet
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infestation in riparian vegetation (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

spreading from a deliberate planting (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

habit (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

habit with blackish-coloured stems (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

loosely-clumped stems of younger plants (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

more robust stems of older plants (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

grooved stem with side-branches bearing older leaves (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

close-up of younger leaves with 'hairs' near their constricted bases (Photo: Sheldon Navie)

Phyllostachys nigra

Scientific Name

Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro

Synonyms

Bambusa nigra Lodd. ex Lindl.

Family

Gramineae (South Australia)
Poaceae (Queensland, New South Wales, the ACT, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia and the Northern Territory)

Common Names

bamboo, black bamboo, timber bamboo

Origin

Native to southern China.

Cultivation

Widely cultivated as a garden ornamental in Australia.

Naturalised Distribution

This species is naturalised in some parts of eastern Australia (i.e. occasionally in the coastal districts of central New South Wales and sparingly in south-eastern Queensland).

Also naturalised in eastern USA (i.e. Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia and Virginia), La Réunion, New Zealand and Hawaii.

Habitat

An occasional weed of riparian vegetation, disturbed sires, waste areas, roadsides, gardens and urban bushland in sub-tropical and warmer temperate environments.

Habit

An upright (i.e. erect) bamboo with stems growing 3-7 m tall. Plants spread rapidly forming loose clumps via creeping underground stems (i.e. rhizomes) that produce upright stems (i.e. canes) from their joints (i.e. nodes).

Distinguishing Features

Stems and Leaves

The upright stems (i.e. erect canes) are greenish when young but turn blackish or purplish-black in colour as they age. These stems (usually 1-4 cm thick) are banded with horizontal rings at the joints (i.e. nodes) and are grooved lengthwise (i.e. longitudinally) between the joints (i.e. the internodes).

The leaves are alternately arranged, but clustered on short shoots which grow from the branches. They have a sheath surrounding the stem and the base of the leaf blade is very narrow, and stalk-like in appearance (i.e. pseudo-petiolate). The leaf sheaths are mostly hairless (i.e. glabrous), except near their margins. Where the leaf sheath meets the leaf blade there is a tiny membranous structure topped with hairs (i.e. the ligule is a ciliate membrane). The leaf blades (6-12 cm long and 9-15 mm wide) are oblong or elongated (i.e. lanceolate) in shape, have entire margins, and are mostly hairless (i.e. glabrous).

Flowers and Fruit

Flowers and seeds are very rarely, if ever, produced and so are not described here.

Reproduction and Dispersal

This plant mainly reproduces vegetatively via suckers from its elongated creeping underground stems (i.e. rhizomes).

It spreads laterally from deliberate garden plantings into nearby bushland areas and its creeping underground stems (i.e. rhizomes) may also be dispersed in soil and dumped garden waste.

Environmental Impact

Black bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) is regarded as an environmental weed in New South Wales.

Legislation

This species is declared under legislation in the following states and territories:

Similar Species

Black bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra ) is very similar to madake (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and bolden bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea), and relatively similar to giant reed (Arundo donax). These species can be distinguished by the following differences: