Carduelis carduelis

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Family

Fringillidae

Genus

Carduelis

Species

carduelis

Common Names

European Goldfinch, Target Bird, Goldfinch, Thistle-finch

Distinguishing Features

This tiny 12-14cm bird is very noticeable due to its bright red patch around the bill. The rest of the head is white, then black, with a brown back. The wings are black with a thick yellow band through the middle. The forked tail is black with white tips. Underparts are light with a brown patch on the breast. Young birds are pale brown with the bold black and yellow wings.

Survey Techniques

The springtime calls of male birds are the best identification tool, in conjunction with sightings.

Species Call

Very noticeable and rapid tinkling chirpings of 'tswit-tsiewt-tswit'.

Similar Species

The Goldfinch is a similar size and shape to other finches or sparrows, hoever the bold markings make it unique.

Distribution

The European Goldfinch is found in the southeastern corner of Australia from TAS up to northern NSW and across to Adelaide. It is widespread in Europe, central Asia and northern Africa.

Country of Origin

This species was introduced into Australia from Europe in the 1860s.

Conservation (Pet/Pest) Status - Regional

Population numbers appear to be declining slightly (COG).

Conservation (Pet/Pest) Status - National

Introduced and common. It is often a pest in orchards.

LSCCES Population

Seven sightings were made in Civic West.

Associated vegetation community

This species has adapted to urban environments, parklands, farms and wastelands or grasslands.

Limiting Resources

Areas with an abundance of seeding weed species are most favourable to the European Goldfinch.

Breeding

In the Canberra region, activities at the nest begin from early October and dependant young are usually sighted from mid November to late February. They build a cup-shaped nest in low bushes and lay up to 7 eggs. Incubation takes about two weeks, and young birds leave the nest about 2 weeks after hatching.

Behaviour

This species can be seen clambering over plants to get into the seed heads to feed, usually in small family groups in spring and summer, and large flocks during autumn and winter. If startled, the flock will disperse to nearby tree branches. During August, their courtship activities reach a peak, made obvious by more singing and increased aggressiveness between birds and in-flight chases.

Functional Group

Granivorous

Food Species

This species will eat the seeds of thistles, grasses and some introduced trees. They will also eat small quantities of insects such as caterpillars, aphids and beetle larvae.

Predators

Within the suburbs, domestic pets such as Cats (Felis catus) and Dogs (Canis familiaris) may predate the European Goldfinch.

Interesting Fact

This species is extremely social and spends their time all year round in small groups called charms.